In burn assessment, what does the "rule of nines" estimate?

The "rule of nines" is a method used in clinical settings to estimate the total body surface area affected by burns in adults. This rule divides the body into sections that represent approximately 9% (or multiples of 9%) of the total body surface area. For example, the head and neck account for 9%, each arm accounts for 9%, and each leg accounts for 18%. The anterior and posterior surfaces of the torso also contribute to the total percentage of burned skin.

This estimation is crucial for determining the severity of burns and making decisions regarding treatment, fluid resuscitation, and transfer to specialized burn units. By calculating the percentage of surface area affected, medical professionals can assess the extent of burns and plan appropriate interventions effectively.