Rutgers Anatomy & Physiology Test Practice

The central nervous system (CNS) is responsible for relaying sensory information, and it consists of the brain and spinal cord. Sensory neurons detect external stimuli and transmit this information to the CNS for processing. Once the CNS receives this information, it interprets and integrates the sensory data, allowing the body to respond appropriately.

In contrast, the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is composed of the nerves that branch out from the CNS to the rest of the body. While the PNS does carry sensory information to the CNS, it does not relay or process that information—that function is performed by the CNS. The somatic nervous system, which is a component of the PNS, primarily controls voluntary movements and reflex actions and also transmits sensory information but relies on the CNS for processing. The autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary functions like heart rate and digestion and is not directly involved in relaying sensory input. Thus, it is the central nervous system that plays the pivotal role in receiving and processing sensory signals.