Rutgers Anatomy & Physiology Test Practice

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• What is the primary function of the intercostal muscles?
• What are epidermal ridges commonly referred to as?
• In which body cavity are the lungs and heart located?
• What are clusters of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system called?
• What anatomical structure does the Achilles tendon attach to?
• Which body cavity is positioned superior to the abdominopelvic cavity?
• The reversal of electrical charges on the sarcolemma in response to a nerve impulse is referred to as?
• What role does the Golgi apparatus play in cellular function?
• What increases in production in the skin as a response to exposure to ultraviolet light?
• What is the most abundant protein found in the human body?
• What structural characteristic distinguishes the pelvic outlet in males from females?
• What is the primary role of the ethmoid bone in the skull?
• Which part of the neuron receives signals from other cells?
• What is the primary role of the autonomic nervous system?
• Which type of ossification involves the transformation of cartilage into bone?
• What is a common result of rupturing in the dermis?
• What is the term for the non-living intracellular material found in connective tissue?
• Which physiological process involves the movement of substances across cell membranes?
• What cellular structure is involved in the formation of vesicles?
• What is holocrine secretion?
• What are the immovable articulations between adult skull bones called?
• What is the expected effect of administering a hypertonic sodium chloride solution intravenously?
• In comparison to women's pelvic outlet, how is a male's pelvic outlet described?
• What most likely occurs when a ligament is stretched and damaged?
• What role do sebaceous glands play in skin physiology?
• What type of skin condition is characterized by redness and irritation in the skin?
• What is the primary component of thick filaments in muscle tissue?
• Muscle fatigue is primarily caused by a lack of which substance and the production of which byproduct?
• What is the usual treatment for cataracts?
• Which group of athletes is at the greatest risk for developing a rotator cuff injury?
• What is the narrow space between the synaptic terminal and the muscle fiber?
• What is the function of neuroglia in the nervous system?
• Which four elements make up over 95% of the human body?
• During muscle contraction, what initiates the cross-bridge cycle?
• What are the two general components of the integumentary system?
• Which of the following components primarily makes up the outer layer of skin?
• Which structure provides structural support to a skeletal muscle?
• Where are calcium ions stored and released in skeletal muscle?
• What would you expect if a person suffers a crush injury to the C3-C5 spinal segments?
• What role does the cerebellum play in the body?
• What protein found in epidermal cells helps to make the skin waterproof?
• Which muscle is primarily responsible for extending the arm while performing push-ups?
• Which system is primarily responsible for regulating metabolism and stress responses?
• In which phase of the healing process do new tissue begin to form?
• If a patient lost the ability to taste spicy food after head trauma, which cranial nerve might be damaged?
• Rheumatic diseases that affect synovial joints typically result in the development of?
• Which body cavity can be subdivided into four quadrants and nine regions?
• What role do the tropomyosin and troponin proteins serve in muscle contraction?
• What is the outermost layer of the skin called?
• What classification of anatomy focuses on the study of organs and structures?
• What is the study of the internal structure of individual cells called?
• What is the main function of the respiratory system?
• What organ system includes muscles and allows for body movement?
• What term describes the brain and spinal cord collectively?
• What physiological mechanism occurs when body temperature rises and the brain initiates changes to cool the body?
• What is the primary function of rod cells in the retina?
• Which cells initiate the inflammatory response when stimulated?
• If a patient's knee-jerk reflex is normal, what can be inferred about their spinal cord status?
• Which of the following conditions is associated with increased melanin production?
• What sense would be most affected by olfactory damage?
• What distinguishes the subcutaneous layer from the dermis?
• The mechanical force of contraction in muscles is generated by what process?
• What is the initial response of the skin to injury?
• What is the large fibrous tract of the brain that allows communication between the cerebral hemispheres called?
• Damage to which muscles would most significantly interfere with the ability to breathe?
• Which function is NOT associated with the cerebellum?
• Each coxal (pelvic) bone consists of which three fused bones?
• Which components are included in the axial skeleton?
• Which organ is primarily housed in the abdominal cavity?
• Which ventral cavity subdivision lacks bony protection?
• If you bruised your gluteus maximus, what activity would most likely cause discomfort?
• What do myofilaments consist of?
• What is the term for a recording of brain waves?
• Which section of the vertebral column contains 7 cranial vertebrae?
• Which type of neuron is responsible for transmitting impulses from the CNS to muscles?
• What term describes skin inflammation that mainly affects the papillary layer?
• Which component is a primary neurotransmitter in the synapse?
• Which structure in the brain is responsible for involuntary control of heart rate and breathing?
• Which of the following is NOT a function of epithelial tissues?
• In anatomical terminology, which term describes the body's midline?
• Which of the following structures is primarily involved in the protection of vital organs?
• What role do enzymes play in the synthesis of macromolecules?
• Which cranial nerve is responsible for initiating the contraction of facial muscles?
• What color are myelinated nerve fibers typically?
• What gland's secretion, along with bacteria, is primarily responsible for body odor?
• How many bones comprise the axial skeleton?
• What type of joint allows for the greatest range of motion?
• What structure attaches skeletal muscles to bones?
• What happens to the concentration of H+ ions as the pH of a substance decreases?
• What is the definition of merocrine secretion?
• Which part of the brain is crucial for coordinating voluntary muscle movement?
• What is the primary function of buffers in relation to pH levels?
• What type of connective tissue is characterized by a variety of cell types and a matrix that may be liquid, gel-like, or fibrous?
• Which plane separates the abdominal cavity from the thoracic cavity?
• What part of the nervous system is responsible for relaying sensory information?
• What is the bluish coloration of skin due to the presence of deoxygenated blood called?
• Which connective tissue structure acts as a shock absorber in synovial joints?
• What connects one bone to another in the human body?
• Which of the following is NOT one of the three general categories of connective tissues?
• After mitotic cell division, what is true about each daughter cell?
• The receptors for hearing and equilibrium are found in which part of the ear?
• What is considered the longest and heaviest bone in the body?
• What is the main function of Astrocytes?
• Muscles visible at the body surface are often called?
• What is the term for a section that divides the body into equal right and left parts?
• Which cells produce the protein fibers found in areolar connective tissue?
• How many thoracic vertebrae are present in the vertebral column?
• What general term describes the junction between two neurons?
• Elongated cells capable of contractions are categorized under which basic tissue type?
• Where is a brain tumor likely located if a patient is experiencing mood swings, thirst, and hunger disturbances?
• What is the process called where bone replaces tissue?
• The bulge of the calf is the ________ muscle.
• What is the site of intracellular communication between a neuron and another cell called?
• What function do the rotator cuff muscles serve?
• Which type of neuron carries sensory information to the brain?
• What is the tough "horny" superficial layer of the epidermis known as?
• Which connective tissue provides support and rigidity and makes up the skeleton?
• Why is a complete dislocation of the knee joint rare?
• Which bone structure serves as the growth plate during long bone development?
• Which part of a long bone is primarily responsible for its growth?
• Which organ system is primarily responsible for the production of blood cells?
• A section that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions is known as?
• What is the function of the phalanges in the human body?
• Which structure is primarily responsible for storing calcium in muscle cells?
• Which brain structure is primarily involved in regulating memory?
• An adult has approximately how many taste buds?
• Which structure connects the ribs to the sternum?
• Where are taste buds primarily located?
• The dorsal body cavity houses which of the following?
• Studying a human skeleton can provide information about which of the following?
• What type of cells respond to injury by dividing to assist in connective tissue repair?
• What do we call bones that develop within tendons?
• What cells are responsible for the myelination of nerve fibers in the PNS?
• Which process requires energy to move substances against their concentration gradient?
• Which structure is not part of the meninges?
• Endochondral ossification begins with the formation of what?
• Glucose is categorized under which type of carbohydrates?
• What is the main role of the mandible in the human skull?
• Which layer of stem cells is responsible for renewing the epidermis through constant division?
• What structure assists the bursa in reducing friction between the patella and other tissues?
• Which muscle is referred to as the "kissing muscle" that purses the lips?
• Which of the following tissues is primarily responsible for covering and lining surfaces?
• Skin, hair, and nails are associated with which body system?
• How may homeostasis be defined?
• Which of the following organs is primarily responsible for processing visual information?
• What could be a potential cause of jaundice in a patient?
• Which type of fiber is dominant in dense connective tissue?
• Which protein allows the skin to stretch and recoil?
• What term describes a cell or organ that responds to commands from a control center in negative feedback?
• Which type of joint demonstrates the greatest range of motion?
• Which type of muscle tissue does not have striations?
• What type of muscle is primarily responsible for voluntary movements?
• Which bone is described as forming a broad triangle?
• When do active sites on the actin become available for binding?
• Which neurotransmitter is crucial for initiating skeletal muscle contraction?
• Which muscle is involved in the flexion of the elbow joint?
• What anatomical feature is primarily involved in the movement and stabilization of the shoulder?
• Where are the cardiac and respiratory control centers located in the brain?
• Which lobes of the brain are involved in processing sensory information?
• What viral infection is known to cause a painful rash corresponding to affected sensory nerves?
• What is an important vitamin that is formed in the skin when exposed to sunlight?
• What is the correct order of structures encountered by a ray of light entering the eye?
• What term describes the ability of an organism to sense changes within its body?
• What primary function does the hypothalamus serve related to emotional disturbances?
• What is an immovable joint known as?
• Which epidermal layer contains a single layer of mitotically active columnar cells?
• Which type of connective tissue stores fat and provides insulation?
• What is the rapid rise and fall in force produced by a muscle fiber after a single action potential?
• Which part of the diencephalon regulates body temperature, water balance, metabolism, and emotion?
• What is the primary function of the integumentary system?
• What are the interactions between actin and myosin filaments of the sarcomere responsible for?
• Which type of muscle is characterized as being involuntary and striated?
• What is the study of physiology?
• If the skin remains peaked after being pinched, what condition might this indicate?
• How are carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids synthesized from their basic building blocks?
• In burn assessment, what does the "rule of nines" estimate?
• During an inflammatory response to injury, which response is least likely to occur?
• What distinguishes the pia mater from other protective layers of the brain?
• What term describes a cell membrane that allows only certain materials to pass through based on its function?
• Which bone is primarily responsible for the height of the vertebral column?
• Where does the highest level of information processing occur in the human body?
• What is the name of the inferiormost part of the sternum?
• A twisting motion of the foot that turns the sole of the foot outward is called what?
• Active muscle contraction requires a sufficient supply of which molecule?
• What forms the myelin sheath that covers many CNS axons?
• Which of the following is a symptom of shingles?
• What is contained within the sella turcica?
• Which layer of the meninges is closest to the brain?
• Which bone is most likely to be fractured when a person is punched in the nose?
• What structure is responsible for the formation of cerebrospinal fluid?
• Which body cavity is also known as the thoracic cavity?
• Why are Pacinian corpuscles important for tactile sensation?
• Which type of bond forms when one atom loses an electron and another atom accepts it?
• The number of electrons in an atom is equal to what other subatomic particle?
• What is defined as an involuntary response to a stimulus?
• A skeletal fascicle is surrounded by a connective tissue wrapping known as?
• Which characteristic describes the dura mater?
• What characterizes the lipids commonly referred to as oils?
• How many main categories of tissues are recognized in the body?
• Which structure is responsible for balance and coordination?
• How does cocaine primarily affect the body?
• The limbic system plays a key role in which of the following?
• Chondrocytes are to cartilage as osteocytes are to what tissue?
• What is the primary function of the hyoid bone?
• What correctly describes the anatomical position?
• If a person's face appears misaligned after a jaw injury, which bone is likely to be broken?
• If the motor area of the cerebrum on the left side is damaged, which side of the body will primarily be affected?
• Which structure is primarily responsible for the selective permeability of a cell?
• After suffering a stroke, which lobe of the brain is likely affected if a patient cannot move their right arm?
• What cells are primarily responsible for storing fat in the body?
• Which protein helps to reduce water loss at the skin surface?
• What is the sella turcica?
• What process is primarily responsible for the replenishment of ATP during prolonged muscle activity?
• What is the largest part of the brain?
• What are Lamellar/Pacinian corpuscles responsible for?
• What muscle is especially important for raising the arm?
• A totally rigid immovable joint resulting from fusion of bones is known as what?
• What term describes the result of a negative feedback mechanism?
• An albino individual is unable to produce what substance?
• What bones make up the fingers?
• Which organelles are responsible for making vesicles that transport products outside the cell?
• Which feature provides the clearest distinction between male and female skeletons?
• What condition is characterized by yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes?
• What is apocrine secretion?
• What best describes the arachnoid mater?
• What is the primary function of collagen in the body?
• Which isotope is commonly used in studies of the thyroid gland?
• What are the layers of the meninges, beginning with the outermost layer?
• What are the two types of fluid connective tissues?
• What are enzymes primarily classified as?
• What type of epithelial tissue is involved in gas exchange between blood and air?
• The white color of myelinated nerve fibers is primarily due to the presence of what substance?
• Which cells play a critical role in the repair of connective tissues following an injury?
• What protein protects the inner living skin from the damaging effects of ultraviolet rays?
• Which cells are responsible for engulfing bacteria or cellular debris within loose connective tissue?
• What occurs when the arrector pili muscles contract?
• In which part of the eye are the receptors for vision located?
• The major movement produced during quiet breathing is accomplished by which muscle?
• A polar covalent bond occurs when two atoms do what with electrons?
• How many bones are contained in the human skull?
• What causes hair to turn gray or white?
• Which type of feedback loop helps maintain homeostasis by counteracting changes?
• What type of gland is responsible for secreting hormones directly into the bloodstream?
• Which type of muscle tissue is involuntary and found in the walls of internal organs?
• Which of the following are considered accessory organs of the skin?
• What kind of epithelium is best suited for absorption and secretion?
• By which criteria are epithelial tissues classified?
• What type of cells are primarily involved in the renewal of the epidermis?
• What is the primary function of skeletal muscles?
• Which bone houses the pituitary gland?
• What type of cells are responsible for engulfing cell debris and pathogens in the CNS?
• What is the primary action of the muscular system?
• What do passive membrane transport processes involve?
• How many lumbar vertebrae are present in the vertebral column?