How does cocaine primarily affect the body?

Cocaine primarily affects the body by blocking transport receptors and overstimulating cells, particularly in the brain. When cocaine is introduced into the system, it targets the dopamine transporters that are responsible for the reuptake of dopamine—a neurotransmitter involved in pleasure and reward pathways. By binding to these transporters, cocaine prevents the reabsorption of dopamine back into the presynaptic neuron, leading to an increased concentration of dopamine in the synaptic cleft. This results in prolonged stimulation of the postsynaptic neuron, which contributes to the euphoric and stimulating effects often associated with cocaine use.

The overstimulation of cells due to the imbalance of neurotransmitters can lead to various physiological and psychological responses, including increased alertness, a sense of euphoria, and heightened energy. However, this alteration of normal neurotransmission can also lead to negative consequences, including addiction and various health complications.

Understanding the mechanism of cocaine's action—specifically how it blocks transport receptors—provides valuable insight into its potent effects on the body and the potential for addiction and adverse side effects.