What type of cells are responsible for engulfing cell debris and pathogens in the CNS?

Microglia are the specialized immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS) and play a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis and protecting the brain from injury and disease. These cells are capable of engulfing and digesting cellular debris, pathogens, and dead neurons through a process known as phagocytosis. This response is vital for clearing out debris following injury or infection, thus contributing to the overall health and functioning of the CNS.

In contrast, oligodendrocytes are primarily responsible for myelinating axons in the CNS, facilitating rapid electrical signal conduction. Neurons are the primary signaling cells that transmit information through electrical impulses but do not engage in phagocytosis. Astrocytes provide structural support and help regulate the environment around neurons, including maintaining the blood-brain barrier and responding to injury, but they do not perform the primary scavenger role executed by microglia.