Which structure connects the ribs to the sternum?

The structure that connects the ribs to the sternum is costal cartilage. This cartilage is flexible and allows the rib cage to have some degree of movement, which is essential for respiration. The costal cartilage provides a smooth and resilient connection that helps in expanding and contracting the thoracic cavity during breathing.

It serves to connect the true ribs directly to the sternum, while also playing a supporting role for the false ribs, which indirectly connect to the sternum through shared costal cartilage. This anatomical arrangement is crucial for protecting vital organs in the thoracic cavity and allowing for the mechanical function of breathing.

In contrast, intervertebral discs serve as cushions between the vertebrae in the spine and do not connect ribs to the sternum. The pericardium is a protective sac surrounding the heart, unrelated to rib or sternum structure. Lastly, the transverse process is a bony projection on the vertebrae, which is distinct from any structures associated with the ribs and sternum.